Phylogeography and historical demography of the Pacific Sierra mackerel (Scomberomorus sierra) in the Eastern Pacific

Table 2 Pairwise Φ_STestimates for population differentiation and MDIV estimates.

Comparison	TMRCA	T	M	θ	Φ_ST
SIN-SIN04	13 600	104 400	1.4	69.6	0.073**
SIN-MICH	11 500	101 500	2.0	80.4	0.032*
SIN-OAX	8 800	110 000	4.8	114.0	0.045**
SIN-CH	9 300	144 000	6.1	103.7	0.015
SIN-PE	7 800	188 600	5.4	125.7	0.016*
SIN04-MICH	11 100	153 400	1.1	37.7	0.094**
SIN04-OAX	5 900	96 500	4.2	75.9	0.068**
SIN04-CH	5 600	150 400	1.7	84.0	0.081**
SIN04-PE	4 800	114 400	2.1	106.5	0.085**
MICH-OAX	11 300	41 700	9.9	78.0	0.005
MICH-CH	6 200	80 500	5.8	83.5	0.027*
MICH-PE	5 500	116 700	7.7	99.0	0.007
OAX-CH	4 900	126 700	9.9	108.0	0.035*
OAX-PE	4 700	115 700	7.5	126.3	0.019*
CH-PE	4 800	98 500	14.8	131.4	0.004

Time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA), time of population divergence (T), migration rate (M), and ancestral population size (θ). Values for T and TMRCA were calculated using a generational time of 2 years and mutation rates were estimated at 3.6 × 10^-8 substitutions/site/year [46]. Φ_STvalues with * were significant without Bonferroni correction for the acceptance level (α = 0.05) and values with ** remained significant after correcting for multiple testing (α = 0.5/15 = 0.003).

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