Figure 1

UPGMA dendrograms at three levels of genetic integration in four oak stands. For six microsatellite loci scored in four stands of oak (R, B, S, E), UPGMA dendrograms were constructed from the matrices of genetic distances Δ between stands in Tab. 1. Within each dendrogram, the quantitative differences between clusters are weak. The gene-pool dendrogram differs qualitatively, i.e., topologically, from the topologically identical dendrograms of the higher levels. The significantly large increase in the mean pairwise distance, and thus in the length of the dendrograms, with level of integration implies that the stands show differentiation for their forms of homologous gene association and, even more so, non-homologous association.