Table 1 Formula for calculating three estimators (F_GRM, F_HOM and F_UNI) for each genotype (homozygous for reference allele; heterozygous for reference and non-reference allele; homozygous for non-reference allele)

x _i  = 0

\( {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{GRM}}=\frac{3{p}_i-1}{1-{p}_i} \)

F_HOM = 1

\( {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{UNI}}=\frac{p_i}{1-{p}_i} \)

x _i  = 1

\( {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{GRM}}=\frac{6{p_i}^2-6{p}_i+1}{2{p}_i\left(1-{p}_i\right)} \)

\( {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{HOM}}=1-\frac{1}{2{p}_i\left(1-{p}_i\right)} \)

F_UNI = −1

x _i  = 2

\( {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{GRM}}=\frac{2-3{p}_i}{p_i} \)

F_HOM = 1

\( {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{UNI}}=\frac{1-{p}_i}{p_i} \)