Table 1 Effect of copy number variation at Photoperiod-B1 (Ppd-B1) on heading date (HD)
Genotypes | n | Mean HD of Ppd-B1 copy number | Ppd-D1 | Ppd-B1 copy number | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | p G | α-effect | p G | CNV effect | ||
All | 1110 | 161.7 ± 4.9 | 157.3 ± 5.3 | 150.3 ± 5.7 | 48.2 | −4.3 | 8.3 | −3.6 |
EU | 958 | 162.2 ± 4.4 | 159.1 ± 3.3 | 156.2 ± 3.0 | 38.7 | −3.8 | 2.6 | −2.2 |
SE + DK | 51 | 168.1 ± 4.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
GB | 121 | 163.5 ± 3.1 | 160.4 | 161.5 | 11.6 | −3.8 | 1.0 | −1.5 |
NL + BE | 42 | 164.8 ± 3.4 | 161.1 ± 0.6 | - | 13.6 | −4.1 | 9.3 | −3.8 |
DE | 287 | 162.8 ± 2.8 | 159.3 ± 2.5 | - | 6.4 | −3.5 | 4.0 | −3.6 |
PL | 58 | 163.1 ± 4.8 | 160.1 ± 3.8 | - | 35.1 | −3.5 | 2.6 | −2.4 |
AT + CSK | 61 | 160.2 ± 3.6 | 159.9 ± 3.8 | 157.7 | 23.1 | −3.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
FR | 232 | 161.4 ± 4.0 | 159.0 ± 3.7 | 157.2 ± 2.4 | 44.5 | −3.3 | 7.3 | −2.9 |
IT | 25 | 157.4 ± 4.4 | 158.1 | 154.0 ± 2.3 | 38.4 | −2.4 | 8.5 | −1.4 |
YUG | 28 | 154.1 ± 3.2 | 155.7 ± 1.6 | 157.8 ± 4.0 | 24.4 | −1.7 | 4.5 | 1.2 |
US | 37 | 159.7 ± 4.6 | 152.9 | 156.0 ± 0.2 | - | - | 8.0 | −2.2 |
CN | 46 | 148 ± 4.5 | 145.1 ± 2.4 | 146.4 ± 3.7 | 29.4 | −2.9 | 7.9 | −1.2 |