| Men 38.15 % (N = 1,152) | Women 61.85 % (N = 1,868) | P-value* |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic Factors (N) | Â | Â | Â |
Age (mean ± std.) | 53.96 ± 13.01 | 55.05 ± 12.73 | 0.02 |
PEA┼ (mean ± std.) | 0.18 ± 0.09 | 0.17 ± 0.08 (1283) | 0.005 |
Education, % | 38.13 % | 61.87 % | Â |
 <High school | 16.74 % | 16.60 % |  |
 High school + GED± | 19.18 % | 21.49 % |  |
 Some college + vocational school | 23.98 % | 22.89 % |  |
 Bachelors + associate degree | 25.02 % | 21.28 % |  |
 Post-college | 15.08 % | 17.73 % | 0.04 |
Behavioral Factors (N) | Â | Â | Â |
 Smoking Status, % Yes | 18.05 % | 10.99 % | <0.0001 |
 BMI§ kg/m2 (Mean ± std.) | 30.01 ± 6.31 | 33.26 ± 7.81 | <0.0001 |
 Physical Activity Score (Mean ± std.) | 8.55 ± 2.55 | 8.15 ± 2.58 | <0.0001 |
 Alcohol Consumption, % (N) Yes | 59.20 % | 40.30 % | <0.0001 |
Biological Factors (N) | Â | Â | Â |
 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 127.8 ± 17.76 | 126.3 ± 18.34 | 0.03 |
 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81.53 ± 10.59 | 77.46 ± 10.30 | <.0001 |
 Total Cholesterol, mg/dl (Mean ± std.) | 196.6 ± 40.89 | 199.4 ± 40.36 | 0.07 |
 LDL║ Cholesterol, mg/dl (Mean ± std.) | 127.9 ± 37.15 | 124.8 ± 37.12 | 0.03 |
 HDL¶ Cholesterol, mg/dl (Mean ± std.) | 45.69 ± 12.79 | 54.66 ± 14.71 | <0.0001 |
 Fasting Triglyceride Level, mg/dl, (Mean ± std.) | 117.7 ± 100.3 | 101.3 ± 64.46 | <0.0001 |
 Plasma Adiponectin, ug/mL (Mean ± std.) | 4.08 ± 3.38 | 6.04 ± 4.46 | <0.0001 |
 Plasma Leptin, ng/mL (Mean ± std.) | 11.81 ± 11.12 | 38.53 ± 24.80 | <0.0001 |
 Blood Glucose mg/dL (Mean ± std.) | 100.9 ± 33.83 | 100.5 ± 33.80 | 0.76 |
 CRP#, mg/dL (Mean ± std.) | 0.37 ± 1.13 | 0.63 ± 0.89 | <.0001 |
 HOMA-IR** (Insulin resistance) (Mean ± std.) | 3.49 ± 2.17 | 3.85 ± 2.56 | 0.0004 |
 Type II diabetes, % | 17.12 % | 20.87 % | 0.01 |
 Hypertension, % | 65.55 % | 60.84 % | 0.009 |