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Table 1 Variance component estimates and genetic correlations for honey yield and defensive and swarming behaviors

From: Modeling honey yield, defensive and swarming behaviors of Italian honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica) using linear-threshold approaches

Statistic

Honey yield (kg)

Defensive behavior (1–5)

Swarming behavior (1–5)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

\( {\sigma}_W^2 \)

71.12 (1.94)

–

12.93 (3.42)

–

17.46 (4.04)

–

\( {\sigma}_{MQ}^2 \)

24.73 (2.13)

–

5.97 (2.14)

–

8.81 (1.80)

–

Cov W-MQ

0.34 (2.56)

–

−8.38 (1.42)

–

−11.39 (2.60)

–

\( {\sigma}_Q^2 \)

–

50.14 (7.15)

–

2.59 (0.57)

–

4.18 (0.92)

\( {\sigma}_{py- ta}^2 \)

110.75 (14.87)

105.85 (14.91)

1.76 (0.53)

1.33 (0.42)

1.83 (0.53)

1.64 (0.48)

\( {\sigma}_e^2 \)

6.97 (0.60)

35.98 (5.49)

0.24 (0.28)

3.24 (1.47)

0.43 (0.50)

6.35 (1.85)

\( {\sigma}_p^2 \)

213.91

191.97

12.52

7.17

39.92

12.17

\( {h}_W^2 \)

0.33 (0.03)

–

> 1 (0.08)

–

0.44 (0.08)

–

\( {h}_{MQ}^2 \)

0.12 (0.01)

–

0.48 (0.12)

–

0.22 (0.13)

–

\( {h}_C^2 \)

0.45 (0.02)

–

0.17 (0.08)

–

0.20 (0.08)

–

r W −  MQ

0.01 (0.01)

–

−0.95 (0.12)

–

−0.92 (0.13)

–

\( {h}_Q^2 \)

–

0.26 (0.04)

–

0.36 (0.01)

–

0.34 (0.01)

r EBV-Y

0.42

0.43

0.18

0.27

0.19

0.46