Fig. 4

Epistatic QTL network for stem WSC-related traits in the wheat RIL population. The black dashed- and solid-line ellipses indicate one QTL interacted with another QTL and with two or more additional QTLs, respectively. The characters at the left and right of apostrophe in each black ellipse mean the specific chromosome and position for a putative QTL. The characters in each black box indicate related stem WSC-related traits, such as grain weight of main spike (GWMS); water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration at the anthesis stage (WSCf), at the grain-filling stage (WSCg) and at the maturity stage (WSCm); WSC remobilization rate at the pre-anthesis (WRRpr) and at the post-anthesis (WRRps); WSC remobilization rate at the pre-anthesis (WCRpr) and at the post-anthesis (WCRps). The red and blue arrows at the right of trait name in each black box indicate epistatic effect and epistatic QTL× environment interaction effect, respectively. Up and down arrows indicate that positive and negative genetic effects, respectively