Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA), a relatively rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder, results in a reduction or complete lack of melanin pigmentation in the eyes, hair and skin. Tyrosinase is an enzyme considered to have an important role in the synthesis of melanin pigment; the OCA phenotype may be caused by mutations in the tyrosinase gene (TYR). Here, researchers describe how they identified both the point mutation in the TYR gene responsible for causing OCA in a captive capuchin monkey and the monkey’s species.