Proliferator-activated receptor gamma Pro12Ala interacts with the insulin receptor substrate 1 Gly972Arg and increase the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes in the mixed ancestry population from South Africa

Table 4 Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression for the prediction of diabetes

Allele	Covariates	OR (95% CI)	P
*IRS1* A	Gene alone	0.69 (0.36-1.25)	0.250
	Sex, age	0.67 (0.34-1.24)	0.228
	Sex, age, insulin	0.70 (0.35-1.31)	0.290
	Sex, age, 2 h insulin	0.76 (0.28-1.76)	0.562
	Sex, age, HOMA-IR	0.72 (0.35-1.39)	0.347
	Sex, age, QUICKI	0.70 (0.35-1.31)	0.285
	Sex, age, FIRI	0.72 (0.35-1.39)	0.347
	Sex, age, glucose/insulin	0.67 (0.34-1.27)	0.224
	PPARG	0.69 (0.36-1.25)	0.248
	PPARG, IRS1*PPARG	0.85 (0.43-1.57)	0.613
*PPARG* C	Gene alone	1.48 (0.91-2.36)	0.104
	Sex, age	1.40 (0.85-2.28)	0.176
	Sex, age, fasting insulin	1.49 (0.90-2.45)	0.116
	Sex, age, 2 h insulin	1.24 (0.56-2.53)	0.571
	Sex, age, HOMA-IR	1.51 (0.88-2.56)	0.131
	Sex, age, QUICKI	1.40 (0.83-2.32)	0.198
	Sex, age, FIRI	1.51 (0.88-2.56)	0.131
	Sex, age, glucose/insulin	1.41 (0.85-2.51)	0.174
	IRS1	1.48 (0.91-2.37)	0.103
	IRS1, IRS1*PPARG	1.64 (1.00-2.64)	0.046

*, interaction; FIRI, fasting insulin resistance index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; IRS1, Insulin Substrate Receptor 1; PPARG, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma; QUICKI, the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index.

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