Fig. 2

The distribution of sampling sites across three regions in Ethiopia. Each region is represented by a different color and the size of the points corresponds to the number of samples collected at each location. Larger points indicate a higher number of samples collected (A). Number of isolates (denoted as Sample Number) collected at each time point in four levels of the dairy supply chain. Different colors represent different levels within the supply chain (B). MLST-based minimum spanning tree. Node colors refer to a region of isolates’ origin. Numbers in the nodes indicate the MLST sequence types. Node sizes reflect the number of isolates with a specific sequence type. The numbers on the connecting lines illustrate the number of allelic differences (C). (D) Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of L. innocua isolates. Each triangle represents the reference genome for a specific clade, which was used to identify SNP differences among isolates. The varying numbers of asterisks (*) denote the SNP differences between each isolate and the reference genome or its respective clade. The heatmap provides additional metadata for each isolate